Parasitic worm infections remain a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with limited access to clean water and sanitation like Nigeria.
Addressing the health risks associated with these infections requires a solid understanding of how they spread, along with effective public health measures.
Dr Olusina Ajidahun, a medical doctor, described deworming as the process of eliminating parasitic worms, which have the ability to infect the human body.
He explained that many of these worms cause diseases and nutritional deficiencies, particularly in children.
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“Some of them can actually affect the growth of children, and some can even move to other organs outside the intestines and cause problems,” he said.
Dr Ajidahun said the most common type of worm found in Nigeria is the roundworm ( Ascaris lumbricoides) which spreads easily through poorly cooked food, water, and contaminated surfaces.
“Many worms are ingested through contaminated food, water, or even direct contact with infected surfaces. Some, like hookworms, can even penetrate the skin if one walks barefoot on contaminated soil,” he explained.
He further described how worms enter the human body, either by piercing the skin or through the ingestion of contaminated food, including undercooked vegetables and poorly cooked meat. This spread is often referred to as the “fecal-oral route, he said.
The medical expert noted that symptoms of worm infections range from mild to severe, with common symptoms including abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and itching around the anus.
He said, “Worms like pinworms can cause severe itching at night as they come out to lay eggs, while others can obstruct the intestines, causing nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort.”
He said in children, worm infestations can lead to malnutrition because these parasites interfere with nutrient absorption and can cause iron deficiency.
“Some of them can cause low blood levels, leading to weakness, fatigue, and malnutrition, which is common in children with heavy worm infestations,” he explained.
Dr Ajidahun also addressed misconceptions surrounding worm infections, such as the belief that not gaining weight or insect bites indicate worm infections, saying they are not reliable indicators.
He stressed that hygiene and sanitation are essential in preventing infections and worm infestations.
“Washing hands, ensuring clean water, and cooking food thoroughly are essential preventive steps,” he advised.
He underscored the importance of public health interventions, especially in high-risk areas.
“Routine deworming in schools and communities with high infection rates is crucial,” he said.
The medical expert also advocated for stronger food safety policies and regular inspections to minimise contamination and advised people to take worm infections seriously.
“Parasitic worm infections are a public health concern. Good hygiene, clean toilets, safe food practices, and regular deworming in high-risk areas can prevent these infections and promote better health,” he added.
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